C h e c k l i s t
CHECKLIST FOR DRAFT SCHEDULE
EVENTING 2014
Event (category): CCI 1* (Place):
(NF): ECU
Date: 22,23,24/08/2014
Updated 03.12.2013
I. DENOMINATION OF THE EVENT
Short (CIC) X Long (CCI) CIO-long (CCIO) CIO-short (CICO)
Category: X Seniors Young Rider Junior Pony Young Horses
Level:
22,23,24/08/ 2014
Country:
II. GENERAL CONDITIONS
This event is organised in accordance with:
FEI Statutes, 23rd edition, effective 7th November 2013
FEI General Regulations, 23rd edition, effective 1st January 2009, updates effective 1st January 2014
FEI Veterinary Regulations, 13th edition, effective 1st January 2014
- FEI Eventing Rules, 24rd Edition, effective 1st January 2014.
- FEI Equine Anti-Doping and Controlled Medication Regulations (EADCMR), 1st Edition, effective 5th April 2010,
updates effective 1st January 2014
- FEI Anti-Doping Rules for Human Athletes (ADRHA), based on the 2009 revised Code, effective 1st January
2012, updates effective 1st January 2014
All subsequent published revisions, the provisions of which will take precedence.
An arbitration procedure is provided for in the FEI Statutes and General Regulations referred to above. In accordance with this procedure, any appeal against a decision rendered by the FEI or its official bodies is to be settled exclusively by the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) in Lausanne, Switzerland.
It is the responsibility of NFs to ensure their participants are of the correct age.
Approved by the FEI
Lausanne, on 24 July 2014
Signature:
Catrin Norinder
Director Eventing & Olympic Departments
Draft schedules and results are to be sent by e-mail to
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EVENTING 2014
THE FEI CODE OF CONDUCT
FOR THE WELFARE OF THE HORSE
The Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI) expects all those involved in international
equestrian sport to adhere to the FEI's Code of Conduct and to acknowledge and accept that
at all times the welfare of the horse must be paramount and must never be subordinated to
competitive or commercial influences.
At all stages during the preparation and training of competition horses, welfare must
take precedence over all other demands. This includes good horse management, training
methods, farriery and tack, and transportation.
Horses and Athletes must be fit, competent and in good health before they are allowed
to compete. This encompasses medication use, surgical procedures that threaten
welfare or safety, pregnancy in mares and the misuse of aids.
Events must not prejudice horse welfare. This involves paying careful attention to the
competition areas, ground surfaces, weather conditions, stabling, site safety and fitness
of the horse for onward travel after the event.
Every effort must be made to ensure that horses receive proper attention after they
have competed and that they are treated humanely when their competition careers are
over. This covers proper veterinary care, competition injuries, euthanasia and
The FEI urges all involved with the sport to attain the highest levels of
education in their areas of expertise.
A full copy of this Code can be obtained from the Fédération Equestre Internationale, HM King
Hussein I Building, Chemin de la Joliette 8, 1006 Lausanne, Switzerland. Telephone: +41 21
310 47 47. The Code is available in English & French. The Code is also available on the FEI's
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EVENTING 2014
III. GENERAL INFORMATION
1. ORGANISER
FEDERACION ECUATORIANA DE DEPORTES ECUESTRES/CLUB YAGUACHI
ATAHUALPA Y JUAN GONZALEZ
Contact Details Show Ground: Address:
LA ESPERANZA, IBARRA
Brief summary of your venue's accessibility details (directions by road, nearest airport / train
station). PARCAYACU: 4KM FROM QUITO DOWNTOWN
2. ORGANISING COMMITTEE
Honorary President:
President of the Event:
3. EVENT DIRECTOR
4. Please indicate a 24 hours Veterinary Services Manager Contact details: DENNIS RAMOS
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EVENTING 2014
IV. OFFICIALS
Competition
Function
Level (Nat,
1/2*, 3/4*)
Jumping test Judge
Jumping test Judge
Technical Delegate
Technical Delegate
OLI OLIVEIRA DA ROSA
Assistant Technical
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EVENTING 2014
Assistant Course
MONICA PEÑAFIEL
Assistant Steward
Assistant Steward
Assistant Steward
Assistant Steward
Assistant Steward
Assistant Steward
Appeal Committee
Appeal Committee
Appeal Committee
Appeal Committee
Delegate (or Veterinary
Veterinary
Delegate
Services Manager and Treating Vet
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EVENTING 2014
ARISTIDEZ CASTAÑEDA
10. Medical Services
DR. FRANKLIN CASTILLO
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EVENTING 2014
V.TECHNICAL CONDITIONS
1. OVERALL TIMETABLE
Please specify per competition
Competition Date Time
Opening of stables:
Official Course Inspection:
1st Horse Inspection:
Declaration of Starters:
1st Start – Dressage:
1st Start - Cross-Country:
2nd Horse Inspection:
1st Start – Jumping:
Prize-giving:
DRESSAGE
Grass / Sand
CROSS COUNTRY
Type of ground: Grass
Grass / Sand Size of arena: 90 x 70
STABLES:
3,5 m x3,5 m (minimum 3m x 3m)
VI. INVITATIONS
One groom per athlete
Number of NFs invited
Number of athletes from the host nation
Number of athletes per NF
Number of horses per athlete
Ballot procedure in case of excessive entries. Must be specified
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EVENTING 2014
VII. ENTRIES
It is the responsibility of NFs to ensure their participants are of the correct age and that athletes and horses are
registered with the FEI.
All Athletes & Horses participating in any International competition must be
registered with the FEI.
IMPORTANT - Entry forms must include the following information on:
Horse/Pony: • name • date of birth • breed • country of birth • stud-book initials
• (FEI) Passport number/FEI ID • colour • sex • name(s) of owner(s)
Athlete: • name • gender • date of birth • FEI ID number
Each NF must certify the qualification of each horse and athlete and list the competitions
which enabled horse and athlete to qualify, according to the qualification procedure
established for each star level. Please include the relevant procedure according to level of
event in schedule (refer to Rules References attached and Rules for Eventing Art. 517).
In addition the eligibility to compete will be determined by a combination of the following:
The level of the Athlete category (national,D,C,B,A) (art.519)
The achievement of a number of Minimum Eligibility Requirements according to
the eligibility matrix of requirements (art. 520)
Minimum Age Limitation:
DEADLINES
CI-long / CI-short / CIO-short/long –Closing Date for entries is
established by the OC (Art. 509.1)
Payment upon arrival at
Details Entry procedure fee / payment
Entries to be sent to:
Refund procedure if rider/horse cannot
Presentation of
compete : (presentation of certificate)
Certificate
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EVENTING 2014
Championships (Art. 509.2)
Entries in Principle (8 weeks before):
Nominated Entries, Certificates of Capability
art 509.3 (4 weeks before):
Definite Entries (4 days before 1st Horse
Entries to be sent to:
Refund procedure if rider/horse cannot
compete : (presentation of certificate)
ADDITIONAL FEES/CHARGES BY OC:
Stables:
Manure disposal:
Shavings:
VIII. FACILITIES OFFERED
1.
ATHLETES
Hotel:
Accommodated (bed and breakfast) AT athlete expense
Meals: at the expense of athlete
GROOMS
Requests for accommodation must be sent with entries.
Cost of accommodation will be at the cost of athlete .
Meals: at athlete expense
HORSES / PONIES
Transport expenses to be paid by the athlete.
LOCAL TRANSPORTATION - ARRANGEMENTS FROM HOTEL TO SHOWGROUNDS
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EVENTING 2014
WELCOME
The time and date of arrival of athletes and horses and their means of transport must be
given to the OC in order to facilitate them on arrival.
IX. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION / INSURANCES/ MEDICAL CARD
EVENTING MEDICAL CARD
OCs must draw the attention of all competitors that they must carry readily accessible on themselves a medical card for the Cross-Country Test. Armbands must be checked by the OC upon arrival to the competition by the athletes and checked by the Official Doctor and the Technical Delegate for accurate information.
INSURANCES
Details pertaining to insurance of competitors, horses, etc
Responsibility of OC for damages, fire, theft, etc
"All owners and competitors are personally responsible for damages to third parties caused by themselves, their employees, their agents or their horses. They are therefore strongly advised to take out a third-party insurance providing full coverage for participation in equestrian events at home and abroad and to keep the policy up to date".
The FEI insures all FEI Officials, whose names are published in the FEI Officials lists, against third
party liability including Judges, Course Designers, Technical Delegates, FEI Stewards, FEI
Veterinary Delegates, Para Classifiers, Members of the Judges' Supervisory Panel, Members of the
Appeal committee (FEI MCP Veterinarians are covered under a different policy):
- Who are acting for or on behalf of the FEI as stated in the approved schedule of the Event or
who are acting in the scope and course of the FEI's Business as described in the final approved
- Who have received the status of FEI Officials at FEI Events through a qualification process.
The FEI will NOT insure:
- National officials officiating at FEI Events; and/or
- FEI Officials, who have no official function at the Event.
The insurance extended is for any liability that the FEI Official incurs to a third party, and for the
costs of defending any such claim arising as a result of actions undertaken by the FEI Official in
good faith (including errors and omissions) on behalf of the FEI. However, the insurance for
obvious reasons does not extend to any liabilities incurred as a result of an FEI Official's
dishonest, fraudulent, malicious, and/or illegal act.
PRIZE GIVING CEREMONY
Number of athletes to present themselves for the prize-giving ceremony of each competition: 3 Other details:
ENTRY RIGHT TO SHOW GROUNDS (Art. 132)
OC to include details concerning right of entry to show-grounds of owners, grooms, athletes, other
persons.
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EVENTING 2014
ADVERTISING AND PUBLICITY ON ATHLETES AND HORSES
The Athletes are authorised to carry the logo of their personal sponsor in accordance with Art. 541
of the FEI Rules for Eventing. The Chief Steward will check that the advertising and publicity on
Athletes and horses complies with these Articles.
PROTESTS (Art. 163-168)
All protests, to be valid, must be made in writing and accompanied by a deposit of CHF 150 or equivalent.
EVENT'S ORGANISATION (Art. 109)
The OC reserves the right to modify the schedule in order to clarify any matters or matters arising from an omission or due to unforeseen circumstances. All modifications made to the schedule must have the approval of the FEI Secretary General.
DISPUTES
In the event of any discussion concerning the interpretation of the schedule (in translated
languages), the English version will be decisive.
OCs of International Events must inform the FEI and NFs whose teams or individuals have taken
part, of the results and prize money paid to each placed Athlete and team, within five (5) days
following the Event, unless otherwise specified for qualification and ranking reasons as
communicated by the FEI. Any result must be provided to the FEI in a format specified by the
FEI in the approved schedule. Failure from OCs of International Events to provide the FEI with
the appropriate result(s) and/or prize money information by the aforesaid deadline and/or in the
aforesaid format shall entail a warning for the first violation and thereafter a fine of CHF 1,000.-
In order to proceed with the results publication and for qualification purposes the FEI requires results to be sent in immediately after the conclusion of the event.
Results are to be sent by e-mail to in the proper Excel or XML file immediately after the event. Please refer to compulsory format for Eventing competitions; the file can be downloaded using the following link:
All results must include FEI Passport Registration number of horses and FEI ID numbers of Riders.
All athletes who have not completed the event must appear on the results
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X. VETERINARY MATTERS
VETERINARY REGULATIONS (VRs), 13th edition, effective 1 January 2014
1. CUSTOMS FORMALITIES
Address: Octavio Molina
Fax: 593(2)3303424
[email protected]
2. HEALTH REQUIREMENTS
In accordance with the FEI Code of Conduct it is imperative that all Horses at FEI Events are physically
fit and free from infectious disease before being allowed to compete.
ENTRY OF HORSES
3. NATIONAL REQUIREMENTS
4. TRANSPORT OF HORSES
Horses must be fit to travel and be transported in vehicles suitable for the transport of horses. Any
government requirements for disease testing and control must be requested well in advance, and
the Horse be in compliance by the time of arrival at the border of the country where the Event is
taking place. Athletes, or their representatives, have a responsibility to be in compliance of national
legislation in both the country of origin, return, and the host nation of the Event; where necessary
Athletes must contact local government authorities or veterinary advisors for information regarding
animal health requirements and transport legislation. Within the European Union (EU), this includes
EU Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2005 concerning the protection of animals during transport within
the Member States of the EU.
5. VENUE ARRIVAL INFORMATION & FITNESS TO COMPETE
PASSPORTS
General Regulations Article 137
For all Horses FEI Passports/FEI Recognition Cards issues, please address to your
National Federation
All Horses competing at FEI Events must be registered with the FEI.
FEI Passports or FEI Recognition Cards - for those Horses with a national passport approved by the
FEI, are compulsory for FEI Events, with the exception of CNs and CIMs as outlined below.
Event's Category
FEI Passport and or Recognition Card
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EVENTING 2014
CI-short/long 1* and 2*
Not compulsory for Horses from the host Nation –
Compulsory for Horses from the invited Nations
CI-long 3* and 4*
CHs / Games of all levels
Athletes whose Horse's Passport and/or Recognition Card is not correctly validated, or failing to
meet other passport requirements including for vaccination and Equine Anti-Doping and Controlled
Medication control (Veterinary Regulations Article 1030) will be subject to Sanctions in
accordance with Annex II of the Veterinary Regulations and may not be allowed to compete.
Athletes will be required to write their name and counter sign next to any passport irregularity
entry noted, as an acknowledgement, prior to receiving the passport and leaving the show ground.
Following a warning being issued for such an irregularity the Athlete will have 30 days to correct
this, failure to correct such irregularities within 30 days will result in a sanction being imposed.
Note for Horses permanently resident in a Member State of the European Union, all Horses must
have a national EU passport in compliance with EU Regulations, to which a FEI Recognition card is
applied. The exception to this being Horses in possession of an FEI passport which has been
continually revalidated without interruption.
VACCINATIONS - EQUINE INFLUENZA
2014 Veterinary Regulations Article 1028
Horses competing at FEI Events must comply with the requirements for Equine Influenza
vaccination in accordance with the Veterinary Regulations and as summarised below.
VACCINATION
PROTOCOL
ELIGIBILITY
Primary Course 1st Vaccination: day 0
May compete 7 days after the
(e.g. 1 January)
2nd Vaccination: day 21-92
(e.g. 1 February)
First Booster
Within 7 months of the 2nd May compete for 6 months
vaccination of the Primary +21 days after the 2nd
vaccination of the Primary
Must not compete in the 7
(e.g. may enter venue after 7
Boosters
MINIMUM: within one year of Must have been vaccinated
previous booster vaccination
with the 6 months +21 days
IF COMPETING: must be before arriving at the Event
competing in the 6 months Must not compete in the 7
+21 days of the previous days
booster vaccination
Exceptions to the requirement for FEI equine influenza vaccinations currently exist only for those Horses competing at CNs or CIMs where there are no national requirements for influenza vaccination in both the Event host country and the Horse's country of origin (General Regulations Article 137).
EXAMINATION ON ARRIVAL
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EVENTING 2014
2014 Veterinary Regulations Article 1032
On arrival at an Event venue all Horses must undergo an examination by a veterinarian to confirm
their identification from their passport, their vaccination status and general health. To protect all
horses attending events, any Horse with a questionable health status, with regards to vaccination,
disease or other concerns, must be stabled within the isolation facilities provided by the Organising
Committee pending a decision on entering the venue.
HORSE INSPECTIONS
2014 Veterinary Regulations Article 1033
All Horses will be assessed for their orthopaedic fitness to compete during the Horse Inspection.
Any Horse demonstrating questionable fitness may be referred to the Holding Box for further
veterinary examination. Horses not deemed fit not to compete will be eliminated by the Ground
Jury and not be permitted to continue in the competition.
LIMB SENSITIVITY EXAMINATION
2014 Veterinary Regulations Article 1034
Horses are not eligible to compete when a limb, or part of a limb, is hyposensitive or hypersensitive
(both of which shall constitute "abnormal limb sensitivity"). Hypersensitive limbs have an excessive
or abnormal reaction to palpation. Hyposensitive limbs include any alteration in sensitivity induced
by a neurectomy or chemical desensitisation for as long as the alteration in sensitivity persists.
All Horses are subject to Examination under the Protocol for abnormal limb sensitivity throughout
the Period of an Event, including, but not limited to, between rounds and before the Jump Off.
Horses may be examined once or on multiple occasions during the Period of an Event.
Horses may be selected for Examination under the Protocol randomly or they may be targeted. All
Horses selected to be tested must submit promptly to the Examination or are subject to immediate
Disqualification. There is no obligation to examine any specific number of Horses at an Event.
6. EQUINE ANTI-DOPING AND CONTROLLED MEDICATION
2014 Veterinary Regulations, Chapter VI
EQUINE ANTI-DOPING AND CONTROLLED MEDICATION PROGRAMME (EADCMP)
Within FEI Groups I & II, the Organising Committee should charge competitors the equivalent of
CHF 12.50 towards the cost of the EADCMP, which is affected by the FEI Veterinary Department.
SAMPLING
All horses competing at FEI Events may be subject to sampling for the presence of FEI Equine Prohibited
Substances in accordance with the FEI Equine Anti-Doping and Controlled Medication Regulations
(EADCMRs). Horses may be selected for sampling in accordance with obligatory testing, targeted or
random sampling procedures (2014 Veterinary Regulations Article 1057 and 1058).
CLEAN SPORT INFORMATION
The current FEI Equine Prohibited Substances List of Banned Substances and Controlled Medications (the EPSL) is available on the FEI Clean Sport website:as a PDF document, database or smart phone app. Detection times are also provided for a limited number of Controlled Medication substances where available.
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Elective Testing may be carried out, by Competitors for their Horses, prior to an Event to check for
the presence of prohibited substances (please refer tofor information and
details).(Art. 1956)
FEI LABORATORY FOR SAMPLE ANALYSIS
GROUPS I & II ONLY – FEI CENTRAL LABORATORY
Under Veterinary Regulations Chapter VI, Article 1057 all samples collected in Groups I and II,
must be analysed by the FEI Central Laboratory, currently Horseracing Forensic Laboratories (H.F.L)
Sport Science, Quotient Bioresearch Limited Newmarket Road Fordham, Cambridgeshire CB7 5WW.
Samples collected outside of FEI Groups 1 and 2 may be analysed at an alternative FEI Approved
Details of FEI Approved Laboratory appointed to carry out analyses on samples collected at this
event. (Vet. Regs. Art. 1064). The list of approved Laboratories and further information is available
on the FEI website.
USA Equestrian Federation
Equine Drug Testing and Research Laboratory
1509 Bull Lea Road, Suite 100
Lexington, KY 40511
FURTHER QUERIES ON THIS INFORMATION NOTE
If you have any further questions please check:
Please feel free to contactor [email protected] for further information. Tel +41
7. PONIES
For all Pony Events, Ponies must be available for Pony Measurement prior to the Horse Inspection
(2013 Veterinary Regulations, Chapter IV).
8. INJURY SURVEILLANCE
Horses participating in FEI Events are subject to injury surveillance protocols; such information is
essential to ensure that (i) the Horse's welfare remains paramount at all times and (ii) sound scientific
reasoning is applied to the safety of all Horses and Athletes participating at Events.
XI. HUMAN ANTI-DOPING
At a minimum, and pursuant to the ADRHAs, Organisers must provide the following at Events where
human anti-doping testing is scheduled to take place at least 2 months prior to the Event:
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1.
One (1) staff member able to act as point of contact and coordinator for the Doping Control
Officers (DCOs) with the contact name and details of this staff member to be communicated to the FEI
at least two (2) weeks prior to the starting date of the Event.
Human anti-doping facilities reasonably separated from public activity, consisting of:
- one (1) private room exclusively dedicated for use by the DCOs with one (1) table, two (2) chairs,
pens and paper and one (1) lockable fridge; and
- a waiting room/area with a suitable number of chairs as well as an appropriate amount of individually
sealed, non-caffeinated and non alcoholic beverages, which includes a mix of natural mineral water and
soft drinks ; and
- one (1) private and clean bathroom/toilet, adjacent or as near as possible to the DCO room and
Staff members (or volunteers) of both genders, able to act as Chaperones. The number of
Chaperones available to the OC must be communicated to the FEI as early as possible following receipt
by the OC of the Testing plan for the Event. Please see the qualifications for Chaperones in the
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XII. Competitions
DEDUCTIONS FROM PRIZE MONEY AT COMPETITIONS PRIZE MONEY
Full details of any deductions from prize money must be outlined in the schedule.
This includes government taxes. If it is necessary for OCs to deduct such taxes, they
must provide participants with an official form indicating the amount of tax deducted.
The tax form must be provided to the athletes upon arrival and returned to the OC
prior to departing.
IMPORTANT
The total amount of prize money shown for each Competition in the schedule must be
distributed. (GR Art 127, 128, Eventing Rules Art 505.3)
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Category : CCI
Level :1*
This competition will be in accordance with Rules for Eventing, 24th Edition,
updated 1 January 2014
Technical Conditions
DRESSAGE TEST
FEI 2009 3* A /B
CROSS-COUNTRY
Approx. number of efforts
Number of efforts:
Number of Obstacles:
PRIZE – CLASSIFICATION
Total amount of prize money
(currency)
Breakdown per category / placing
(1 prize per 4 athletes)
Other details on PM distribution
Tax deduction
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ENTRY FORM
FEDERATION EQUESTRE INTERNATIONALE
2014 Standard Entry Form/Qualification form
Event Name:
Date:
CCI(long) / CIC(short)
1*(one star) 2*(two star)
3*(three star) 4*(four star)
Championship
CCIO(long)/CICO(short)
ATHLETE: (See separate sheet for qualifications)
Full Name:
FEI Reg No:
(for tax purposes)
(if different from above)
HORSE: (See separate sheet for qualifications)
FEI Reg No:
Year of Birth:
I certify that the above information is correct and that if the entry is accepted, I will abide by the FEI
Rules and Regulations and by the conditions of the Schedule of the Competition.
(Athlete)
National Federation Approval:
By signing the below, the NF of the athlete mentioned on this entry form confirms that the athlete and
the horse (s) are duly qualified as per attached qualification form or competent to compete (CCI*,
CIC*, CCIO*) for the event as per all applicable rules.
Representative: Stamp of the NF:
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2014 MINIMUM ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR ATHLETES AND HORSES
This form must be completed and returned with Entry Form for all competitions above 1 star
HORSE Name……………………………………………… FEI Registration No …………………………
Minimum Eligibility Requirements as specified under Art 517
Name of event
Dressage
ATHLETE Name ……………………………………………… FEI Registration No ……………………….
(need only be completed if different to Horse qualification above)
Minimum Eligibility Requirements as specified under Art 517
Name of event
Dressage
Signature: Athlete
(Signed) -------------------------------
(Signed) -------------------------
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Annex: Entry Details (specific to each Event and individual Events may add their own items)
Recommended Entry Details
Options:
Method of Payment
Stabling requirements
Arrival and departure dates/times
Horsebox electrical connection
Accommodation for athletes, grooms, owners
Eligibility for special prizes
Contact Telephone Numbers:
Groom / Athlete (night time)
OWNER(S) (As recorded in the FEI Passport)
Mr/Mrs/Miss/*Company
*Company contact name:
Mr/Mrs/Miss/Company
*Company contact name:
HORSE:
Name:
FEI REG / FEI Pass.No:
Country of Birth:
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COMMENTARY NOTES
Horse:
Previous Competitor at
Name of Trainer:
Owner's Details:
Athlete's Equestrian History, i.e. important past successes:
Horse's Previous Form, e.g Three Day Events (CI-long), Championship, CI-short format etc:
Source: http://www.fede.ec/Disciplinas/PruebaCompleta/Bases/BASES_CCE_FEI_APROBADAS_PARCAYACU_August_2014.pdf
En quoi la philosophie est-elle utile à la société ? Sert-elle à l'émancipation ? Guillermo Kozlowski (CFS asbl) Le rapport entre la philosophie et la société « À quoi ça sert ? » On se pose désormais très fréquemment la question à propos de toutes les pratiques humaines. Quel bénéfice en tire notre société ? On se demande à quoi sert l'art ? A quoi servent les mathématiques, le latin, la philosophie ou l'amour ? Un seul domaine échappe encore à la question: la technique. Il y a là un paradoxe. En effet, si on se demande ce qu'est une société déterminée, on pourrait répondre qu'elle est un point de vue sur le monde, une façon d'envisager les liens de parentalité, de percevoir certaines expériences artistiques, de pratiquer des langues, d'avoir une histoire. Il n'y a pas une société de base, une sorte de matière neutre à laquelle on pourrait ajouter « en option » un peu de science, un peu d'art ou de philosophie . Une sorte de caisson « IKEA » à améliorer de portes, tiroirs et autres accessoires . d'esthétiques diverses ; prix ou qualité variable. La science, l'art, la philo, ne sont pas des options « utiles», mais des éléments constitutifs d'une société. C'est en quelque sorte ce dont parlait le philosophe italien Antonio Gramsci, lorsqu'il affirmait que tout le monde possède une philosophie. Ainsi, le sens commun est une philosophie qui fournit des points de vue implicites sur la vie, la mort, la condition humaine, etc. Tous les êtres humains ont des réponses, plus ou moins partielles et implicites, aux questions existentielles. Des points de vue indispensables pour leur vie quotidienne et profondément inscrits dans chacun de nous. « Il faut détruire le préjugé fort répandu selon lequel la philosophie serait quelque chose de très difficile étant donné qu'elle est l'activité intellectuelle propre d'une catégorie déterminée de savants spécialistes ou de philosophes professionnels et faiseurs de systèmes. Il faut donc démontrer au préalable que tous les hommes sont « philosophes», en définissant les limites et les caractères de cette « philosophie spontanée» qui est celle de « tout le monde» autrement dit la philosophie qui est contenue 1) dans le langage même, lequel est un ensemble de notions et de concepts déterminés, et non pas seulement un ensemble de mots grammaticalement vides de contenu ; 2) dans le sens commun et le bon sens ; 3) dans la religion populaire, et donc également dans tout le système de croyances, de superstitions, d'opinions, de façons de voir et d'agir, qui se manifestent dans ce qu'on appelle généralement le folklore. »1 Par exemple, dans notre société, il est évident que l'amour-passion est vu comme un événement transcendant les deux individus qui l'incarnent, donnant du sens à la vie. C'est une façon de penser la question du sens. Un autre exemple, pendant trois siècles - c'est peut-être encore d'actualité - une partie de l'humanité pensait qu'il y avait une sorte de progrès immanent dans l'Histoire. Des philosophies extrêmement complexes comme celle de Hegel, Auguste Compte ou Teilhard de Chardin, en parlaient. Plus concrètement, notre société partageait ce point de vue de manière très générale, nombre de gens pensant que la vie de leurs enfants serait meilleure que la leur, et que celle de
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