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Get inside to spot the BIG moves in SMALL COMPANIES
SMALL
"This year was our
fiscal cliff. FY14 is
when we realise all the
hard work from our
stategy. "
Richard Pang, CEO
ISS Group
Welcome back to another year of Under the Radar.
SHARE RESEARCH Tip 1. p2
mAynE pHARmA (myx)
Investing is all about doing a great deal of research and
This is an under appreciated asset that
is coming to life under its new chief
then having the confidence to back your call.
Stephen "The Sheik" Aboud and Marcus Hughes of LHC Capital who we interview
in this issue certainly have those qualities. The outstanding returns they have so far
RESEARCH Tip updATES. p3
generated are based on substantial investments in only five companies.
SFG Australia (SFW)
Most investment funds hold positions in anywhere from 45 to 60 securities, which
Altona Mining (AOH)
goes some way towards replicating the index. A "high conviction" fund usually holds
about 15 stocks.
invESTmEnT THEmE. p4
This duo has picked 5 high conviction stocks in which it has ploughed a
RoTATion, RoTATion, RoTATion
significant portion of its portfolio into. These companies have little or no debt, strong
"The Idle Speculator: sees that there is
management, are in growing industries, and have a great deal of operating leverage.
rotation occuring in the markets.
Radar tells you which ones they are, and we put the spotlight on two of them.
SHARE RESEARCH Tip 2. p5
Happy investing and best wishes,
ingEniA CommuniTiES (inA)
This property group is successfully
transforming itself into a focussed
Richard Hemming
retirement village owner.
THE pRoFESSionAL invESToR. p6
LHC CApiTAL
Stephen "The Sheik" Aboud has
attracted big money from some of the
richest families in Australia including the
Lowys and the Salteris. We find out why.
poRTFoLio. p8
After some heavy research and much
pondering, Radar's Portfolio Manager,
"The Idle Speculator" takes a punt.
99% of all financial news relates to the 40 to 50
biggest companies. So what about the rest?
They're Under the Radar
Published by Under the Radar Report Pty Ltd
Editor Richard Hemming
Level 13, 20 Hunter Street, Sydney NSW 2000. Australia.
Telephone: +61 2 8001 6355
This is an under appreciated asset that is coming to life under its
new chief executive.
SHARe PRIce
33C
MARkeT cAPITALISATION
$180m ASX cODe
myx RADAR RATING
buy
A HISTORY OF HIGHS AND LOWS
Mayne Pharma owns technology focused on oral drug delivery (such as pills and
buLL poinTS
ventilators), plus it makes products for other companies. In the past, Mayne's earnings
- Good drugs portfolio
have been volatile, leading to a see-sawing share performance.
- Increasing geographical reach
The only people who have made consistent money out of the stock seem to have
- Under-utilised capacity
been investment bankers and lawyers.
- Little debt
In 2001 Mayne Group acquired listed company FH Faulding in 2001. Its activities
included drug wholesaling and health products. It was not run well and was split into
bEAR poinTS
two: Mayne Pharma and Symbion Health. Mayne Pharma had one drug – Subacap, a
- Drug under threat from generic
competition and litigation
fungal infection treatment. In 2007 the Spanish giant Hospira purchased the company.
- Not paying dividends any time soon
Hospira soon bailed out, and in 2009 the business was sold into a biotech Halcygen,
which was renamed Mayne Pharma. The board of the new company decided that it
WHy WE LikE iT
wanted to put the old Mayne Pharma back together again a year ago, and hired ex-
For the first time this speciality
Faulding executive Scott Richards to take charge.
pharmaceuticals company has a
FORTUNES ARE ON THE UP
formidable portfolio after an acquisition
In the past year Mayne Pharma's fortunes have been turning around, as Richards' re-
that more than doubles its size. It has 14
hires many ex-Faulding executives. The stock hit a 21 cent low in March and is now
marketed products, plus 16 new products
trading above 30 cents.
in various stages of development. It has
Richards' big move has been acquiring US based Metrics, which effectively doubles
distribution throughout the world, and has
Mayne's size. Metrics is a manufacturer, developer and a marketer of generic drugs in the
a strong niche. It is poised to increase its
US. It specialises in narcotics, or sedatives, which are heavily regulated and can only be
revenues as products are launched.
In the wake of the acquisition Mayne no longer looks cheap, but its quality has
WHAT'S nEW?
improved. Although after recent purchases it will have some debt on its balance sheet, its
Late last year Mayne purchased US based
cash flow and potential has never been better.
Metrics Inc for $105m, made up of $65m
In the year to 30 June 2012 it reported a profit of $6.2 million, up from $1.7
of equity and $48m debt. Prior to the deal
million in the prior financial year. The merged company is expected to make a profit
its market cap was $55m. It is now more
of about $9 million on $75 million in sales, comprising about a third each of generic
than 3 times that. Most recently it raised
products, contract services, and branded products.
$18m at 29.5c a share to purchase a pain relief product from global drug giant
The combined business will have 14 marketed products, plus 16 in various stages
of development.
A big positive is Mayne's aggression in going after international markets. Metrics
means it now has a bigger presence in the US. It has also done a deal with an Indian
generics producer Intas to distribute its injectable products into Australia.
A CLOUD ON THE HORIZON
The one cloud of note hanging over the company is Doryx, which has been its biggest
seller. It is a treatment for acne, and is under attack from generic competition in the US.
Mayne manufactures the drug for the distributor Warner Chilcott. Doryx lost 35 market
(
myx - Share price
share in the US last year, and is not being manufactured for an unspecified period this
year due to the influx of competition.
Management says it's not losing any further market share and the company has an
application for reformulation awaiting approval. In 2012 it represented about 70 per
cent of Mayne's 2012 sales, this year it will be around 10 per cent.
There is also an antitrust lawsuit hanging over Doryx, having been filed by Mylan
Pharmaceuticals of the US. The situation hasn't played itself out. Mayne Pharma says it
doesn't expect any "material financial liabilities" in relation to this based on its "current
legal advice".
The bigger game is the Metrics acquisition, which dilutes the Doryx results. If this
goes to plan, profit could well reach more than $13 million in fiscal 2014, putting the
stock on a PE of about 10 times. n
ISS GROUP (ISS) – SOFTWARE FOR PRODUCTION LINES
ISS GROUP (ISS)
TIP DATE: 12 JANUARY 2012
SFG AUSTRALIA (SFW)
TIP PRICE: 14 CENTS
CURRENT SHARE PRICE: 20 CENTS
ALTONA mINING (AOH)
ISS's stock slid from 23 cents to 20 cents after it confirmed the end of the existing
Schlumberger contract on 31 May, which was worth about $17 million over five years
Management had been preparing for this for a while. It also provided an earnings
update and the underlying numbers still look quite positive, although an area of concern
is licence sales. If you strip out the Schlumberger contract there is no growth there,
although the business pipeline remains strong.
Chief executive Richard Pang was upbeat when he spoke to Radar and envisaged a
bigger share in the upstream oil and gas market, meaning when gas comes out of the well:
"We are more focussed on doing the business ourselves and being in control of our
destiny. I've always said this year was our fiscal cliff. Fiscal 2014 is when we realise all the
hard work from our strategy of generating sales internally."
The stock trades on about 10 times forecast PE, and has 10.6m in cash and
receivables and no debt. It's also a dividend paying company. We are hopeful for growth
in fiscal 2014.
We regard the weakness as a buying opportunity.
SFG AUSTRALIA (SFW) – FINANCIAL PLANNING GROUP
TIP DATE: 20 SEPTEmbER 2012
TIP PRICE: 40 CENTS
CURRENT SHARE PRICE: 56.5 CENTS
Our thesis on SFG being part of the consolidating world of financial services has been
paying off (it's up 44 per cent on our tip) but it hasn't come to fruition.
A factor driving the share price has been a proposed $600 million merger with
accounting services group WHK Australia, but reports now indicate that this merger is
being put on the scrap heap.
The financial planning business is much tougher than it once was, due to the advent
of self-managed super funds. And the group no longer looks as cheap as chips, trading
on a PE of about 12 times.
We wouldn't be buyers at these levels, but we continue to like the story. Hold.
ALTONA mINING (AOH) – COPPER mINER
TIP DATE: 14 NOvEmbER 2012
TIP PRICE: 27 CENTS
CURRENT SHARE PRICE: 24.5 CENTS
Last week it emerged that Altona has to go it alone or find a new partner to develop
its Queensland copper project after global miner Xstata changed its mind and decided
not to buy a majority stake in the project.
Xstata had a 51 per cent option over the Roseby project although the two parties
failed to agree on its valuation. And even paying an independent expert couldn't sort the
situation out.
Roseby is located less than 100km away from Xstrata's Mt Isa-Ernest Henry mines in
the region. So it had strategic value for Xstrata.
The decision is a definite blow for Altona, whose management has repeatedly said it
will not develop the project on its own.
Altona's outspoken managing director Alistair Cowden said that it "was not a
disaster". If a processing facility is built at Roseby it will have strategic value for others.
This will take more time, but if anyone can do a deal, it's Cowden.
We are still confident in this company's long-term viability and do not advocate selling.
Rotation, or selling one security and buying another, has become the newest most popular phrase
over the past few weeks to describe money moving from bonds to equities, from growth stocks to
SPECULATOR
SEES THAT THERE
This time last year, people were selling equities and buying cash. This is no longer the case as
growing optimism takes hold in global investment markets.
IS ROTATION
There are a number of phases to an overall rotation process. The first stage of that rotation
OCCURRING OUT
process started in June, possibly dating back to the statements by Mario Draghi that the Euro would
be defended at all costs.
OF bONDS AND
That process of rotation may have lasted through October, followed by a period of consolidation
INTO EqUITIES, OUT between October and mid-December. Since then, the process of rotation has recommenced and we
now feel that we are on a second plateau.
OF mINERS AND
So far the rotation has been a benign one with profits being taken on big performing stocks and
INTO bANkS, AND
invested into stocks and not cash, where it might have moved a year ago.
(EvENTUALLY) OUT
Ultra-performers like Apple and its satellites have fallen in the region of 30 per cent in the past
months, having climbed exponentially in the prior decade. With so much cash on its balance sheet
OF bIG CAPS AND
there are no fundamental risks to the Apple business, in its current form it might be argued that its
INTO SmALL CAPS. highest growth days are behind it, and we can easily see Apple suffering a further 30 per cent fall to
as low as $300 as its growth rate and margins deteriorate against expectations. At that point Apple
might be a serious value stock.
But the money has not moved out of the stock market. There is nowhere else to hide, except
property, which is very illiquid, meaning it is costly to get into and out of. Recurring income is hard
to find and getting more expensive all the time until short and long-term interest rates start offering
a more compelling alternative.
So in other manifestations of the "great rotation" the long-bond market has come off, though
not dramatically. A few sectors, in particular those synonymous with growth, such as mining, have
performed badly.
Elsewhere, a few sectors have performed extremely well. These are those that benefit from the
expectation of increasing economic growth. One example is banking, particularly in Europe and the
UK. This has also happened in Australia, but to a lesser extent because companies were not coming
from distressed levels.
There is limited evidence yet of a rotation from large stocks into the small caps that Under the
Radar Report specialises in.
And if such a rotation into small caps coincides with a rise in longer-term interest rates, the
Small Caps that will benefit are those with little or no debt.
This rotation may end in a sell-off, but the best performances occur at the end of any period of
growth. So now is not the time to be selling your equity portfolio. Now is the time to be positioning
for stronger growth in Small Caps.
There will be a time to sell aggressively and we are watching out, but right now we would argue
that now is the time to be holding on.
n
RAdAR Top 10 SToCkS (AS AT 23 JAnuARy 2013)
TIP PRICE $
SOUTHeRN cROSS eNGINeeRING
Manufacturing 23/02/12
PRIMe MeDIA GROUP
NORTHeRN STAR ReSOURceS
* Return includes dividends and is after brokerage
This property group is successfully transforming itself into a focussed
retirement village owner.
SHARe PRIce
$0.27 MARkeT cAPITALISATION
$121m ASX cODe
inA RADAR RATING
buy
A DISCOUNT OFFER As our friend Geoff Wilson always says: "You never pick the top
buLL poinTS
or the bottom, but if you can find a company trading at a discount to its cash backing,
- Good at operating retirement
what could be better than that? The next best thing is a stock trading at less than the
value of its net assets, and only after this, do you look at earnings."
- Good at the financials of
With Australia's biggest retirement village owner Ingenia Communities, you have just
that. Later this month it will receive above $50 million in cash, putting its net tangible
- Growth industry
assets at 36 cents. If it sells its New Zealand student accommodation, it will have
- Possibility of unit buy-back
another $6 million to invest into the Australian business.
Based on its current unit price, this company is trading on a 25 per cent discount to its
bEAR poinTS
valuation. Plus, a unit buy-back of up to 10 per cent of the company's issued capital will
- Risk development units don't sell
only improve its value for investors.
- market doesn't value
ImPRESSIvE UNIT REGISTER Sure, some big money has been made by unitholders like
Geoff Wilson's Wilson Asset Management, Simon Marais' Allan Gray, Ron Brierley's
Mercantile Investments, and our friends at LHC Capital. Its units have climbed 55 per
WHy WE LikE iT
cent in the past 12 months.
Under chief executive Simon Owen
But you have to remember that massive amounts of risk have been taken out of
Ingenia has thrown off its baggage as an
the company by the management team led by Simon Owen, whose background is in
ING property trust and is now a focused
retirement villages, having previously run the ASX listed operator Aevum Healthcare.
owner and operator of retirement
When Owen came on board 3 years ago he entered an ING Trust that was going broke.
villages. His team has expertise in both the operating side, the development side
CHEqUERED PAST Ingenia was originally an ING trust set up in 2004 to buy student
and the financial side, which reflects its
accommodation on the West Coast of the USA, which would generate a yield of 13 per
improving profitability. After its full year
cent versus the cost of raising money at 7 per cent. The ING Trust expanded into different
profit, the company paid out its first
countries and different industries, primarily because its management was incentivised by
income for four years.
growing its assets under management, instead of generating unitholder returns.
In the end its units were worth only a few cents, and Simon Owen started a
WHAT'S nEW
programme of selling assets to pay off debt. It has internalised its management and now
The company has almost rid itself of
is a group that is focussed on retirement villages in Australia.
its non-retirement related offshore
RISk TURNING INTO REWARD Hence the interest of the big names above whose faith is
businesses. Towards the end of this
paying off. Its profit for fiscal 2012 more than doubled to $33.6 million, although much
month is should receive about $50m for
of this was due to a revaluation of its New York property portfolio. More importantly
the sale of its New York property portfolio
it announced its first dividend for four years amid increasing demand for retirement
at a big premium to its book value, and
accommodation in Australia.
adds about 2c to its book value of 34c.
Last year 56 per cent of its $12.5 million incomes was rent, while the remainder was
It is working on selling its New Zealand student accommodation, which can
development related, which the company calls DMF (deferred management fees). Here
convert into 1.4c a share of cash.
Ingenia purchases properties, refurbishes them, and then sells them to a retiree. It receives a
small operating fee until it is sold, at which time it gets a percentage of the profit.
The latter strategy is working in high growth areas like Gladstone, Queensland
because of the improving property prices. There is the risk that the properties remain on
inA - Share price
its balance sheet untenanted, and the market does not value this business highly because
of the lack of an annuity stream.
PROFITING IN DIFFICULT TImES Ingenia is benefiting from strong cash generation,
which it is using to purchase properties at less than replacement cost.
For example, this month it purchases a 44-unit rental village in Mandurah, Western
Australia for $2.8 million, which translates to about $63,000 a unit. You can't build
a unit for that price, and it was bought on a yield of 11 per cent. This yield should
increase to 14 per cent based on Owen's track record of increasing the occupancy rating
from 70 per cent to 90 per cent. The end result should be an ungeared internal rate of
return of about 20 per cent.
Ingenia, with its strong balance sheet, and track record of improving returns on
the properties it purchases, is in a great position to keep increasing its profits, and its
dividends to security holders. n
THE PRofESSIonAL InvESToR
THE bALDWINS OF THE AUSTRALIAN FINANCIAL mARkETS
It's hard to walk for long in the Australian investment markets and not hear the
name "Aboud" mentioned. It's sort of similar to how the Baldwin brothers were in
Hollywood during the 90s.
There is Russell Aboud, the ASX director, and previous head of UBS, and then
there is his nephew Anthony, previously a gaming analyst with UBS, and now a fund
manager with Perpetual Investments. In this case we are interested in Russell's brother
Stephen, who is almost universally known as "The Sheik" in the small pond of the
Australian financial markets.
Less than two years ago Stephen ran money for the Lowy family, and now he has
set up on his own as a hedge fund manager. Helping him in his endeavours is Marcus
Hughes, who comes from the investment banking world. He worked for (you guessed
it) UBS, but most recently managed money for Caledonia Investments.
They now manage over $50 million and have attracted high profile investors,
which include the Salteri family, whose Tenix Group sold its defence business for
$775 million in 2008.
STELLAR PERFORmANCE
The two are making waves in not only the hedge fund world, but also those of small
caps, having performed extremely well on the back of holding very few positions.
Since kicking off in May 2011 its fund has returned investors almost 27 per cent to
the end of last year. This compares to the ASX Small Ordinaries return of -13 per cent.
It has generated this return from holding, or going "long" in a small number
of stocks. Currently it has big positions in only five. Although it can invest in any
sized company, its philosophy of looking for companies that aren't well understood
by brokers dictates that it has so far only invested in Small Caps, or companies with
market capitalisations less than $500 million. Says Marcus Hughes:
"We make money on the long side by identifying smaller companies which fly
under the radar and where we think we have an information advantage to generate
strong returns over three to five years."
A SmALL NUmbER OF HIGH CONvICTION INvESTmENTS
Investments it has made include the Len Ainsworth inspired poker machine
manufacturer
Ainsworth Game Technology (AGI), automotive repairer
AMA Group
(AMA), retirement village property group
Ingenia (INA), nutritional products
provider
Freedom Foods (FNP) and speciality pharmaceuticals company
Mayne
In the world of professional investors, there is "high conviction" and there is
LHC Capital. Most investment funds hold positions in anywhere from 45 to 60
securities, which goes some way towards replicating the index. A "high conviction"
fund usually holds about 15 stocks.
The duo pick stocks that have little or no debt, have strong management, are in
growing industries, and have a great deal of operating leverage.
The last factor means that the business has high gross margins (the difference
between the price received and the cash costs). As the volume of sales in the business
increases, each new sale contributes less to the fixed costs and more to profitability.
Forecasting the profits of these businesses is generally pretty difficult, because a
small error in sales expectations makes a big impact on where you think the bottom
line is going to go.
kICkING TYRES IS THE kEY
Investing isn't for the feint hearted and Aboud sites an example that shows he isn't
afraid to kick a few tyres. It's
Ainsworth Game Technology (AGI), which not
surprisingly has produced its biggest return:
INDUSTRY (AT DEC 2012)
"All that came from a guy I play golf with who sells poker machines. I asked him
mayne Pharma (mYX)
what the best-selling poker machine was, and he said Ainsworth.
"I looked at the company and it had a tiny market cap, so I went and saw them.
I got their story and bought some."
AmA Group (AmA)
Ainsworth now has a market capitalisation of about $880 million.
DON'T bE AFRAID OF COmPLEXITY
Ingenia (INA)
Many of the companies are not well understood, or covered (at least initially) and
Aboud and Hughes say that they always make sure that they can see a catalyst for the
market to identify what they have had the foresight to see.
Freedom Foods (FNP)
"I love complicated stories," says Hughes. "People don't want to look at them and
there is often a difference between the underlying business performance and how the
market perceives the company to be trading."
"Half the fun is finding things. Many of these companies have a terrible history,
which means people give up on them."
Freedom Foods is definitely one that takes a bit to get your mind around.
It has three operating businesses and a big share in the New Zealand listed A2, which
processes milk from cows carrying the A2 protein.
Elsewhere, Hughes says that only when you understand the history of
Mayne
Pharma (MXY) do you have a chance of getting to grips with the narcotics producer.
And
AMA Group consists of no less than six automotive related businesses including
its panelbeating business Mr Gloss.
In addition to owning stakes in eight listed companies at any one time, the two
are adamant that "shorting stocks" provides them with an avenue to reduce the overall
risk of their portfolio.
SHORT SELLING
Shorting means it sells stocks it doesn't own in order to (hopefully) buy them back at a
lower level and make a profit.
It must be considered a right of passage for any budding hedge fund, but Hughes
is adamant that it is essential to achieve big returns from its two principles of
"conviction investing and capital preservation".
The companies it looks to do this with are ones it considers to be "over earning" or
that will "earn less tomorrow than do today".
LHC has a "larger number of short positions" according to Hughes, although each
position is much smaller than the individual long positions.
Shorting is a very risky game, and if the Lowys and the Salteris trust Aboud, it
speaks volumes about his market savvy. n
AFTER SOmE HEAvY RESEARCH AND mUCH PONDERING, RADAR'S PORTFOLIO
mANAGER, "THE IDLE SPECULATOR" TAkES A PUNT ON ELDERS
NUMBER TOTAL
CURRENT SHARES
TRANSACTON dATE
21/01/13 ($) VALUE ($) (%)
Clover Corporation Ltd
Norton Gold Fields
Whitefield Limited
Argo Investments
Australian Foundation Investment 19/06/2012
SPDR S&P/ASX 200 Fund - ETF 22/05/2012
$44.640 $22,320
Please note: The share portion of the portfolio is made up of 79% Market linked shares, and 21% Small cap shares.
RESULTS AND PERFORmANCE
agricultural business from the rest of the Elders capital structure.
One of our listed investment company holdings,
Australian
Elders management then announced that it was putting its
Foundation Investment (AFI) reported results this week, where
agricultural business up for sale, attempting to regain control
strong markets led to an increase in its book value, or net tangible
of the process by which the company's assets are going to be
assets (NTA) of 15 per cent in the 2012 calendar year, and the
auctioned, with all three divisions (including forestry assets)
shares now stand at a premium to NTA of almost 10 per cent both
now up for sale.
bofore providing for deferred tax.
The story appears to be that the directors believe that greater
AFI will be a candidate for raising cash through disposal if we
value will be realised through a multi-party sale process than the
reach that sort of decision over the next few months.
market was reflecting. The share price fell more than 50 per cent,
Other changes in the portfolio include the investment of
and we are still been struggling to explain and understand this
$1,125 at fifteen cents in the
Engenco (EGN) entitlement issue
price performance.
which closed last Friday.The opportunity will exist to sell these
But we are trying to value the ordinary shares in response to
shares into the takeover bid at eighteen cents, but we will stick
management effectively announcing that there are no sacred cows
with this one for its turnaround potential.
in this process of realising value. Surely this is what shareholders
Buying slowly for our Self Managed Super Fund ("SMSF")
are looking for - a management that is honest enough to say this is
We first started looking at
Elders (ELD), the old Futuris, in
not the right vehicle for all stakeholders to realise their value.
August 2012 when a number of moves on the shareholder register
We mentioned that we had already bought a few Elders for the
caught our eye, as well as an appreciation that the car supply
SMSF in the course of the articles that were written and published
business was on the block, and thought that there might be some
in the weeks leading up to Christmas.
unrecognised value in the core agricultural franchise for which
The company then released its annual report and accounts for
Elders is best known.
the year to September, and we have been reviewing this 142 page
This was before the approach to Graincorp by ADM, and
document over the last few weeks together with the prospectus for
before Ruralco announced their proposal for separating the
the hybrids, essentially searching for reasons not to buy the equity.
We have engaged in numerous different buy transactions of
Elders ordinary shares for our SMSF and each time we buy a few
more we try to identify where the pitfalls might be.
The bottom line is that reading the annual report closely
suggests that the company's debt position is being over-discounted
in the combined price of the ordinaries and the hybrids (ELDPA).
Our view is that any reasonable price for either of the company's
two key business assets would see the equity cashed up and the
value too transparent to ignore.
The upside is that there are multiple bidders for both major
divisions and management should deliver an exit closer to NTA
(30 September 2012) than to the current price.
Up to 15 cents, we will purchase 10,000 for the Under the
Radar Report portfolio.
Subscribers are reminded that Elders represents a binary
situation. If we are wrong, then we will probably lose all our money,
but if we are right we think the upside could be attractive. Either
way we should know before the end of June this year. n
AS STATeD cLeARLY ABOVe, THe IDLe SPecULATOR HAS A HOLDING THROUGH HIS SMSF IN ASX cODe eLD THAT HAS NOT cHANGeD IN THe PAST 7 DAYS AND WILL NOT cHANGe IN THe 7 DAYS FOLLOWING PUBLIcATION. SUBScRIBeRS WILL Be ADVISeD WHeN THAT POSITION DOeS cHANGe.
FIRST DOLLAR - Your Investment Performance Counts
www.firstdollar.com.au
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DISCLAImER: This publication has been prepared from a wide variety of sources, which Under the Radar Report Pty Ltd (UTRR), to the best of its knowledge and belief, considers accurate.
You should make your own enquiries about the investments and we strongly suggest you seek advice before acting upon any recommendation.
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NCRD's Business Review : e-Journal, Volume 2, Issue 2 (Jan-Dec 2016) ISSN: 2455-0264 A STUDY ON YOUTH'S GREEN BUYING BEHAVIOR WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DOMBIVLI, MUMBAI Mr. Mathew Lawrence, Ph.D Research Scholar ABSTRACT Business organizations need to contribute significantly to healthily environment through the adoption of green marketing. The activities of some of this business may result to environmental pollution which makes the environment becomes inimical to human habitation. India is still in its nascent stage of developing green and sustainable marketing strategies. In India majority population is young. Any behavioral change among youth can create a huge turnaround for any company as well as entire country. This study throws light on green marketing and its impact on youth. The research is conducted with probing questions on environmental awareness, knowledge, and perception of consumers towards green marketing and perceived barriers faced by consumers in adopting green marketing. Both primary and secondary data has been used for the research. Exploratory research was carried out; convening sampling technique has been used. Sample Size was 500 respondents from Dombivli area. Data has been analyzed using SPSS. Research findings reveal that green marketing is more effective than regular marketing. Keywords: Green Marketing, Youth, Attitude, Perception INTRODUCTION Industries around the world have started the green initiative to counter ill effects of business processes particularly transformation and consumption of products on natural environment and its inhabitants. Today citizens and policy makers across the world are focused on issues such as terrorism and economic meltdown. But at the same time environmental issues also remain high on list of concern. Green marketing research has come a long way. Consumers from the developed countries including USA and Western Europe were found to be more conscious about the environment (Curlo, 1999). Research in the last decade(Lee, 2008 2009, Rahbar and Wahid, 2011, D Souza 2004) has indicated those consumers are aware and are willing to pay more to "go green". Green marketing came into prominence in the late 1980s and early 1990s; it was first discussed much earlier. The American Marketing Association (AMA) held the first workshop on "Ecological Marketing" in 1975. The proceedings of this workshop resulted in one of the first books on green marketing entitled "Ecological Marketing". According to Polonsky (1994) green or environmental marketing consists of all activities, designed to generate and facilitate any exchange intended to satisfy human needs and wants, such that the satisfaction of these needs and wants occur with minimum detrimental impact on the natural environment. LITERATURE REVIEW Green marketing is a vital constituent of the holistic marketing concept today. It is particularly applicable to those businesses that are directly dependent on the physical environment. Changes in the physical environment may pose threat to fishing, processed foods tourism and adventure sports industries. (Yasmin and Shamshuddin; 2014) There is no one single strategy that will work for all companies, it all depends on the own individual objectives, target market, resources
Computerassistierte Implantologie: Entwicklung und state oft the art Autor: G. Widmann Co-Autor: W. Puelacher Kontakt: Universtitätsklinik für Radiologie I, Department Radiologie, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck Adresse: Anichstr. 35, 6020 Innsbruck Email: [email protected] Zielstellung: Die computerassistierte Implantologie hat in den letzen 10 Jahren zunehmend an